We're on our own and we're not climbing a mountain, we're riding a very rickety roller-coaster. But if we understand how employer thinking is evolving and practices are changing, then at least we have a better view of what's ahead and how we can survive the ride.
Today I came across an insightful piece on Forbes by Edward Lawler titled in perfect management speak, ‘Creating Talent Agility’.
It’s written for an audience of business and HR people, but it reveals much about how we can expect employers to treat employees in the future.
The traditional career employer
This is probably closest to how most people think an employer should behave towards its employees. It’s been around so long that it has become the default position for how most of us frame our expectations about what a good employer does.
It’s still used by some organizations including General Electric. Lawler describes it thus:
“Fundamentally, it relies on a career model of talent development and agility. Individuals are told that if they will commit themselves to a career at the company, it will “look after them” and be sure that they are trained and developed for tomorrow’s jobs. When new skills are needed, individuals are expected to want to learn the new skills because they know it is in their best interest for their long-term job security and career development.”
The contractor-employer
The second category Lawler identifies is what I think resembles long-term contract work. There is no implied employer obligation to the employee beyond paying you. When your usefulness expires for whatever reason, you’re out. Period. This model is used by firms like Netflix, LinkedIn, and many other tech companies.
In Lawler’s words:
“It tells individuals that they will be well-paid and have a job as long as they can perform at a high level and do the work that needs to be done. There is no promise of a career, skill development, or job security. This approach produces low transaction costs when it comes to shifting the skill sets of the organization. Training is not required and terminations can be relatively easily executed without individuals feeling the organization has violated their employment contract.”
For workers who have highly sought after skills and the willingness to be highly mobile in their work, this model delivers high returns in exchange for a somewhat nomadic lifestyle. It’s great for a young tech worker, but almost unworkable for just about everyone else.
Crowdsourced labour
According to Lawler, “Odesk and other companies have developed crowdsourcing technologies that allow organizations to buy labor that is willing and able to perform tasks for a contracted amount. In essence, the organization relies on outsourcing much of its labor and may outsource anything from a few hours to a few months’ worth of work. It is frequently used by companies that are looking for software development, but also for less skilled labor such as survey respondents and a host of more transactional activities. “
This model is closest to what has been termed “labour on demand”. Whilst Lawler quotes its popularity in the software development sector, in the UK at least, it has spawned a much more sinister variant, the ‘zero hours contract’.
Almost unheard of in the United States and mainland Europe, in the UK, looser government employment regulations have allowed firms to employ workers with no guarantee of the number of hours work they will get each month. It’s often an unequal contract in which the worker commits to availability for work, whilst the employer makes no commitment to actually providing any minimum number of hours of work.
For employers with highly fluctuating requirements for low-skilled labour, the zero-hours contract has been a godsend. Suddenly their workforce can be increased or decreased almost in realtime. At a stroke one of their major cost problems is eliminated.
But this isn't the end of the story. When we consider this development alongside the impact of technology on jobs which is deskilling some work and eliminating other jobs altogether, we get a glimpse of a seriously distopian future.
In an employment sector which was merely providing work for people who wanted to earn small second incomes, this would be a good thing. The terrible realty in a depressed jobs market is that this type of work has exploded and for many low-paid workers, it is the only work they can find.
N.B. Here's a link to the latest (Autumn 2016) report and stats about zero hours contracts from the Office for National Statistics.
Of course the government loves zero hours contracts because along with the growth in 'self-unemployment', such ‘jobs’ allow the government to report falling unemployment. It’s spin and it supports the growth in wealth inequality.
Worse it’s now a feature of many ‘respectable’ firms’ employment practices. According to Wikipedia, one of the UK's largest pub chains, J D Wetherspoon has 24,000 staff, or 80% of its workforce, on contracts with no guarantee of work each week. 90% of McDonald's workforce in the UK - 82,000 people - are employed on a zero-hour contract. Britain’s biggest and most troubled supermarket chain, Tesco uses zero hours contracts.
A major franchise of Subway also uses the contracts, which state, "The company has no duty to provide you with work. Your hours of work are not predetermined and will be notified to you on a weekly basis as soon as is reasonably practicable in advance by your store manager. The company has the right to require you to work varied or extended hours from time to time." Subway workers are also required, as a condition of employment, to waive their rights to limit their workweek to 48 hours.
Boots UK has 4,000 staff on zero-hours contracts. Even Buckingham Palace, which employs 350 seasonal summer workers, now uses zero hours contracts.
My take is that hard cash will always trump elegant academic and ethical arguments in most businesses, most of the time. And since the cost of labour is usually the largest part of any business's operating costs, what we are witnessing isn’t a growth in employment options, it’s a relentless movement towards less and less secure employment and lower incomes for most people most of the time.
Today I came across an insightful piece on Forbes by Edward Lawler titled in perfect management speak, ‘Creating Talent Agility’.
It’s written for an audience of business and HR people, but it reveals much about how we can expect employers to treat employees in the future.
Warning: This post contains facts which some readers may find disturbing...
The reality is that there’s now a yawning gap between what employers are willing to offer and how employees define a good employer.
The traditional implied contract between employers and employees for most jobs was abandoned years ago. This isn’t because employers have become somehow more evil. It’s the hard realities of business in an ever more competitive global business environment. Lawler reminds us that this change is also accelerating:
“Organizations must be increasingly agile in ways that allow them to change what they do and how well they do it. Organizations have always had to change the skills of their workforce. The big difference today, however, is how rapidly this needs to happen and how much change needs to occur”.
Lawler goes on to describe three employer models and gives examples of who uses them and why.
The reality is that there’s now a yawning gap between what employers are willing to offer and how employees define a good employer.
The traditional implied contract between employers and employees for most jobs was abandoned years ago. This isn’t because employers have become somehow more evil. It’s the hard realities of business in an ever more competitive global business environment. Lawler reminds us that this change is also accelerating:
“Organizations must be increasingly agile in ways that allow them to change what they do and how well they do it. Organizations have always had to change the skills of their workforce. The big difference today, however, is how rapidly this needs to happen and how much change needs to occur”.
Lawler goes on to describe three employer models and gives examples of who uses them and why.
The traditional career employer
This is probably closest to how most people think an employer should behave towards its employees. It’s been around so long that it has become the default position for how most of us frame our expectations about what a good employer does.
It’s still used by some organizations including General Electric. Lawler describes it thus:
“Fundamentally, it relies on a career model of talent development and agility. Individuals are told that if they will commit themselves to a career at the company, it will “look after them” and be sure that they are trained and developed for tomorrow’s jobs. When new skills are needed, individuals are expected to want to learn the new skills because they know it is in their best interest for their long-term job security and career development.”
The contractor-employer
The second category Lawler identifies is what I think resembles long-term contract work. There is no implied employer obligation to the employee beyond paying you. When your usefulness expires for whatever reason, you’re out. Period. This model is used by firms like Netflix, LinkedIn, and many other tech companies.
In Lawler’s words:
“It tells individuals that they will be well-paid and have a job as long as they can perform at a high level and do the work that needs to be done. There is no promise of a career, skill development, or job security. This approach produces low transaction costs when it comes to shifting the skill sets of the organization. Training is not required and terminations can be relatively easily executed without individuals feeling the organization has violated their employment contract.”
For workers who have highly sought after skills and the willingness to be highly mobile in their work, this model delivers high returns in exchange for a somewhat nomadic lifestyle. It’s great for a young tech worker, but almost unworkable for just about everyone else.
Crowdsourced labour
According to Lawler, “Odesk and other companies have developed crowdsourcing technologies that allow organizations to buy labor that is willing and able to perform tasks for a contracted amount. In essence, the organization relies on outsourcing much of its labor and may outsource anything from a few hours to a few months’ worth of work. It is frequently used by companies that are looking for software development, but also for less skilled labor such as survey respondents and a host of more transactional activities. “
This model is closest to what has been termed “labour on demand”. Whilst Lawler quotes its popularity in the software development sector, in the UK at least, it has spawned a much more sinister variant, the ‘zero hours contract’.
Almost unheard of in the United States and mainland Europe, in the UK, looser government employment regulations have allowed firms to employ workers with no guarantee of the number of hours work they will get each month. It’s often an unequal contract in which the worker commits to availability for work, whilst the employer makes no commitment to actually providing any minimum number of hours of work.
For employers with highly fluctuating requirements for low-skilled labour, the zero-hours contract has been a godsend. Suddenly their workforce can be increased or decreased almost in realtime. At a stroke one of their major cost problems is eliminated.
But this isn't the end of the story. When we consider this development alongside the impact of technology on jobs which is deskilling some work and eliminating other jobs altogether, we get a glimpse of a seriously distopian future.
In an employment sector which was merely providing work for people who wanted to earn small second incomes, this would be a good thing. The terrible realty in a depressed jobs market is that this type of work has exploded and for many low-paid workers, it is the only work they can find.
From a small base of around 50,000 UK jobs in 2005, zero hours contracts have grown and grown. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) quotes that there are now a staggering 1.4 million zero hours contracts in use in the UK in 2014!
N.B. Here's a link to the latest (Autumn 2016) report and stats about zero hours contracts from the Office for National Statistics.
Of course the government loves zero hours contracts because along with the growth in 'self-unemployment', such ‘jobs’ allow the government to report falling unemployment. It’s spin and it supports the growth in wealth inequality.
Worse it’s now a feature of many ‘respectable’ firms’ employment practices. According to Wikipedia, one of the UK's largest pub chains, J D Wetherspoon has 24,000 staff, or 80% of its workforce, on contracts with no guarantee of work each week. 90% of McDonald's workforce in the UK - 82,000 people - are employed on a zero-hour contract. Britain’s biggest and most troubled supermarket chain, Tesco uses zero hours contracts.
A major franchise of Subway also uses the contracts, which state, "The company has no duty to provide you with work. Your hours of work are not predetermined and will be notified to you on a weekly basis as soon as is reasonably practicable in advance by your store manager. The company has the right to require you to work varied or extended hours from time to time." Subway workers are also required, as a condition of employment, to waive their rights to limit their workweek to 48 hours.
Boots UK has 4,000 staff on zero-hours contracts. Even Buckingham Palace, which employs 350 seasonal summer workers, now uses zero hours contracts.
My take is that hard cash will always trump elegant academic and ethical arguments in most businesses, most of the time. And since the cost of labour is usually the largest part of any business's operating costs, what we are witnessing isn’t a growth in employment options, it’s a relentless movement towards less and less secure employment and lower incomes for most people most of the time.
Big retailers have no guarantees to their employees, and no fixed schedules.
ReplyDeleteFriend's son is averaging 4 hours a week for a retailer, for example, but is expected to be on call 7 days a week.